Assessing the value of demand sharing in supply chains

We consider the problem of assessing the value of demand sharing in a multistage supply chain in which the retailer observes stationary autoregressive moving average demand with Gaussian white noise (shocks). Similar to previous research, we assume each supply chain player constructs its best linear forecast of the leadtime demand and uses it to determine the order quantity via a periodic review myopic order‐up‐to policy. We demonstrate how a typical supply chain player can determine the extent of its available information in the presence of demand sharing by studying the properties of the moving average polynomials of adjacent supply chain players. The retailer's demand is driven by the random shocks appearing in the autoregressive moving average representation for its demand. Under the assumptions we will make in this article, to the retailer, knowing the shock information is equivalent to knowing the demand process (assuming that the model parameters are also known). Thus (in the event of sharing) the retailer's demand sequence and shock sequence would contain the same information to the retailer's supplier. We will show that, once we consider the dynamics of demand propagation further up the chain, it may be that a player's demand and shock sequences will contain different levels of information for an upstream player. Hence, we study how a player can determine its available information under demand sharing, and use this information to forecast leadtime demand. We characterize the value of demand sharing for a typical supply chain player. Furthermore, we show conditions under which (i) it is equivalent to no sharing, (ii) it is equivalent to full information shock sharing, and (iii) it is intermediate in value to the two previously described arrangements. Although it follows from existing literature that demand sharing is equivalent to full information shock sharing between a retailer and supplier, we demonstrate and characterize when this result does not generalize to upstream supply chain players. We then show that demand propagates through a supply chain where any player may share nothing, its demand, or its full information shocks (FIS) with an adjacent upstream player as quasi‐ARMA in—quasi‐ARMA out. We also provide a convenient form for the propagation of demand in a supply chain that will lend itself to future research applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 515–531, 2014     

军用认知无线电网络中功率控制博弈算法的探讨

通过对比军用认知无线功率控制博弈模型与一些经典的功率控制博弈算法,提出了一种认知无线电网络中的功率控制的博弈算法。通过仿真结果性能分析,证明算法具有一定的优越性,并且能够为军事无线通信提供一定的理论依据和现实作用。     

混合均衡问题和不动点问题的公共元的迭代算法

在Hilbert空间中,利用超梯度算法,用以逼近混合均衡问题的解集与半压缩映像不动点集的公共元,并且证明了该算法的收敛性。使用新的分析技巧证明了一个强收敛定理。     

重力扰动对SINS水平姿态的影响

为研究动基座下捷联惯导系统(Strapdown Inertial Navigation System, SINS)水平姿态误差角与水平重力扰动间的关系,推导了南北方向、东西方向匀速直线运动时,SINS纯惯性解算的水平姿态误差与水平重力扰动间的传递函数,并分析了传递函数的零极点分布;推导了组合导航模式下,水平姿态误差角与水平重力扰动间的传递函数;通过仿真分析了纯惯性解算和组合导航模式下传递函数的幅频特性。组合导航相对于纯惯性解算模式,截止频率更大,SINS姿态误差角受更多高频重力扰动信号的影响,因此,组合导航模式需要更高分辨率的重力扰动数据来进行重力扰动补偿。此外,在对高精度SINS进行重力扰动补偿时,对于重力扰动分辨率的需求是有限度的,过于精细的重力扰动数据只会带来测量和存储压力,不能提高SINS的姿态精度。     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.     

基于倾斜开关曲线的小推力器姿态控制方法分析与准极限环控制方法

研究了利用小推力器进行航天器姿态控制问题。从理论上推导了在给定姿态控制精度、小推力器参数以及倾斜开关曲线参数的前提下,能够形成理想极限环控制效果的充分必要条件。对相关文献中倾斜开关曲线设计方法不能形成理想极限环的情况进行了理论分析,提出了一种新的基于倾斜开关曲线的准极限环控制方法,并推导了其控制精度。研究对于航天器应用小推力器实现高精度姿态控制具有较大的工程应用价值。     

基于MEKF的航天器姿态确定算法

乘性扩展卡尔曼滤波(multiplicative extended Kalman filter, MEKF)方法被广泛应用于各种航天器姿态确定任务。针对任意参考坐标系,推导了姿态四元数的线性运动学方程和三分量姿态误差矢量的动力学模型,并分别设计了有陀螺和无陀螺两种姿态确定方案。系统研究了姿态敏感器常用的矢量观测模型,四元数观测模型以及欧拉角观测模型,设计了更具有一般性的MEKF滤波器,为航天任务中快速应用MEKF姿态确定算法提供理论参考和技术支撑。     

多民族地区青少年对待欺负问题态度的比较研究

一直以来,欺负行为普遍存在于校园之中,对青少年的身心健康造成了很大的危害。因此,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。本研究利用初中生欺负/受欺负问卷对新疆少数民族和汉族的近500名初中生对待欺负问题的态度进行了调查,分析发现汉族学生对待欺负问题的态度比少数民族学生更积极;对待欺负问题的态度存在性别差异,女生比男生更积极,在对待欺负行为的态度上少数民族学生有极其显著的性别差异;少数民族学生对待欺负问题的态度与年级显著相关,而不同年级汉族学生对待欺负问题的态度差异并不显著。     

基于RCS的三维低可探测性轨迹优化方法

针对基于雷达散射截面(RCS)规避雷达威胁的飞行轨迹优化问题,提出了低可探测性三维轨迹优化的求解方法.通过B样条拟合构建连续可微的RCS数据模型,结合三维飞行动力学模型,建立规避雷达威胁下的飞行运动控制模型.将轨迹优化问题描述成为最优控制问题,其中飞行姿态控制、轨迹约束、边界条件作为约束条件,以降低雷达探测概率和减少飞行时间为目标函数.运用高斯伪谱法( GPM)将连续的最优控制问题转换为离散的非线性规划问题进行求解.仿真结果证明本文方法实现了求解单基地雷达和双基地雷达探测环境中低可探测性三维轨迹优化问题,有效降低了飞行过程中的雷达探测概率和暴露时间.     

先进上面级数字逻辑姿态控制律设计

建立了先进上面级姿态动力学模型和推力器配置方案,根据快速大角速度精确姿态机动的任务要求,设计了数字逻辑姿态控制律.考虑姿态角和姿态角速度的相互关系和测置误差的存在,将姿态相平面划分为多个控制区域,以节省燃料和避免测量误差的影响.在实际上面级参数下进行姿态机动控制仿真,采用数字逻辑姿态控制律能在16s内实现先进上面级俯仰角60°的大角度姿态机动,并能很好地保证姿态指向精度和姿态稳定度,控制效果也优于脉冲宽度调制.